Basic file protocols The Common File System provides a set of low-level file protocols based on the POSIX.1 standard. This includes standard protocols for the following: • Unbuffered input and output on file descriptors: open, close, read, write, lseek, rewind, flush, and size. • Searching directory entries: opendir, closedir, readdir, and rewinddir • Managing files and directories: chdir, getcwd, remove (unlink), rename, mkdir, and rmdir • Testing existence of files and directories, and obtaining file statistics: stat • File locking and sharing